Ionic and Electronic Transport in Electrochemical and Polymer Based Systems

نویسنده

  • Anton Volkov
چکیده

Electrochemical systems, which rely on coupled phenomena of the chemical change and electricity, have been utilized for development an interface between biological systems and conventional electronics. The development and detailed understanding of the operation mechanism of such interfaces have a great importance to many fields within life science and conventional electronics. Conducting polymer materials are extensively used as a building block in various applications due to their ability to transduce chemical signal to electrical one and vice versa. The mechanism of the coupling between the mass and charge transfer in electrochemical systems, and particularly in conductive polymer based system, is highly complex and depends on various physical and chemical properties of the materials composing the system of interest. The aims of this thesis have been to study electrochemical systems including conductive polymer based systems and provide knowledge for future development of the devices, which can operate with both chemical and electrical signals. Within the thesis, we studied the operation mechanism of ion bipolar junction transistor (IBJT), which have been previously utilized to modulate delivery of charged molecules. We analysed the different operation modes of IBJT and transition between them on the basis of detailed concentration and potential profiles provided by the model. We also performed investigation of capacitive charging in conductive PEDOT:PSS polymer electrode. We demonstrated that capacitive charging of PEDOT:PSS electrode at the cyclic voltammetry, can be understood within a modified Nernst-Planck-Poisson formalism for two phase system in terms of the coupled ion-electron diffusion and migration without invoking the assumption of any redox reactions. Further, we studied electronic structure and optical properties of a self-doped p-type conducting polymer, which can polymerize itself along the stem of the plants. We performed ab initio calculations for this system in undoped, polaron and bipolaron electronic states. Comparison with experimental data confirmed the formation of undoped or bipolaron states in polymer film depending on applied biases. Finally, we performed simulation of the reduction-oxidation reaction at microband array electrodes. We showed that faradaic current density at microband array electrodes increases due to non-linear mass transport on the microscale compared to the corresponding macroscale systems. The studied microband array electrode was used for developing a laccase-based microband biosensor. The biosensor revealed improved analytical performance, and was utilized for in situ phenol detection. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Elektrokemiska systemen, som bygger på kopplingen av kemi och elektricitet, har använts för att utveckla gränssnitt mellan biologiska system och konventionell elektronik. Detaljerad förståelse av sådana gränssnitt har stor betydelse inom många olika områden inom livsvetenskaperna och konventionell elektronik. Ledande polymermaterial används i stor utsträckning som byggstenar i bioelektroniska tillämpningar på grund av sin förmåga att omvandla kemiska signaler till elektriska signaler och tvärtom. Den kopplingsmekanismen mellan massa och laddningsöverföring i elektrokemiska system, och i synnerhet i en ledande polymerbaserat system, är mycket komplex. Dessutom beror denna kopplingsmekanism på olika fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper i materialen, vilket gör dessa system intressanta att studera. Syftet med denna avhandling har varit att studera elektrokemiska system, inklusive ledande polymerbaserade system, för att skaffa nya kunskaper för framtida utveckling av komponenter som kan fungera med både kemiska signaler och elektriska signaler. Inom avhandlingen studerar vi funktionen av bipolära jontransistorer, som har utnyttjats tidigare för att modulera leverans av laddade biomolekyler. Vi har analyserat de olika driftlägena hos bipolära jontransistorer och övergångarna mellan dessa med hjälp av modeller som givit detaljerade koncentrationsoch potentialprofiler. Vi har också studerat kapacitiv laddning i ledande PEDOT: PSS polymerelektroder. Vi har visat att PEDOT:PSS elektroders kapacitiva laddning under cykliska voltammetri kan förstås med hjälp av modifierad Nernst-Planck-Poisson formalism för tvåfassystem i termer av kopplad jonelektron diffusion och migration utan förekomsten av några redoxreaktioner. Vidare har vi studerat elektronstruktur och optiska egenskaper för självdopad p-typ ledande polymerer. Dessa oligomerer kan självpolymerisera längs skaftet i växter, som tidigare har rapporterats. Vi har utfört ab initio beräkningar för molekylärsystemet i odopade, polarona och bipolarona elektroniska tillstånd. Jämförelse med experimentella data har bekräftat bildandet av odopade eller bipolarona tillstånd i polymerfilmerna beroende på applicerad spänning. Slutligen har vi utfört simuleringar av reduktions-oxidationsreaktionen på mikrobandselektroderer. Vi har visat att faradiska strömtätheten på mikrobandselektroderna ökar på grund av icke-linjär masstransport i mikroskala i jämförelse med motsvarande makroskalesystem. Dessa mikrobandselektroder har använts för att utveckla en laccas-baserade mikrobandsbiosensor. Biosensorn uppvisade en förbättrad analytisk förmåga och har använts för att mäta fenol in situ.

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تاریخ انتشار 2017